For a fuller description of the paper itself, go to the end of this web page.
Each simulation published in this paper corresponds to a unique 5 or 6 character code on the web pages.
The following table lists the name of the simulation as used in the paper, and the corresponding code name
The webpage gives you the ability to examine the published simulations, but you can also download the raw (netcdf) files to perform your own analysis. Detailed instructions on how to use the webpages and access the data can be found here: Using_BRIDGE_webpages.pdf
There are 53 simulations referenced in this paper.
You can have make you own analysis and plots by going here
| Simulation Name as in Paper | Simulation name on web pages |
|---|---|
| 0m S.L.E. (180ppm CO2) | teudm |
| 1m S.L.E. (180ppm CO2) | teudf |
| 55m S.L.E. (180ppm CO2) | teudb |
| 90m S.L.E. (180ppm CO2) | teudg |
| 0m S.L.E. (280ppm CO2) | teudo |
| 1m S.L.E. (280ppm CO2) | teudd |
| 55m S.L.E. (280ppm CO2) | teuda |
| 90m S.L.E. (280ppm CO2) | teude |
| 0m S.L.E. (400ppm CO2) | teudp |
| 1m S.L.E. (400ppm CO2) | teudh |
| 55m S.L.E. (400ppm CO2) | teudc |
| 90m S.L.E. (400ppm CO2) | teudi |
| 0m S.L.E. (560ppm CO2) | teudq |
| 1m S.L.E. (560ppm CO2) | teudj |
| 55m S.L.E. (560ppm CO2) | teudk |
| 90m S.L.E. (560ppm CO2) | teudl |
| 0m S.L.E. (850ppm CO2) | teudu |
| 1m S.L.E. (850ppm CO2) | teudr |
| 55m S.L.E. (850ppm CO2) | teuds |
| 90m S.L.E. (850ppm CO2) | teudt |
| 0% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | teudo |
| 100% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | teudd |
| Longitudinal ice growth 10% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewan |
| Longitudinal ice growth 20% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewal |
| Longitudinal ice growth 30% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewaj |
| Longitudinal ice growth 40% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewah |
| Longitudinal ice growth 50% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewaf |
| Longitudinal ice growth 60% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewad |
| Longitudinal ice growth 70% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewab |
| Longitudinal ice growth 80% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewas |
| Longitudinal ice growth 90% ice sheet (280ppm CO2) | tewaq |
| Longitudinal ice growth 80% ice sheet (853 ppm CO2) | tfbma |
| Longitudinal ice growth 60% ice sheet (853 ppm CO2) | tfbmb |
| Longitudinal ice growth 40% ice sheet (853 ppm CO2) | tfbmc |
| Longitudinal ice growth 20% ice sheet (853 ppm CO2) | tfbmd |
| Latitudinal ice growth 3% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbra |
| Latitudinal ice growth 9% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbrb |
| Latitudinal ice growth 27% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbrc |
| Latitudinal ice growth 53% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbrd |
| Latitudinal ice growth 81% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbre |
| Latitudinal ice growth 99% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbrf |
| Topographic ice growth 12% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbqe |
| Topographic ice growth 23% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbqd |
| Topographic ice growth 54% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbqc |
| Topographic ice growth 67% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbqb |
| Topographic ice growth 75% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbqa |
| Topographic ice growth (based on DeConto and Pollard 2003) 16% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbka |
| Topographic ice growth (based on DeConto and Pollard 2003) 44% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbkb |
| Topographic ice growth (based on DeConto and Pollard 2003) 67% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbkc |
| Topographic ice growth (based on DeConto and Pollard 2003) 75% ice sheet (280 ppm CO2) | tfbkd |
| 0m S.L.E. cold orbit (280 ppm CO2) | tfccf |
| 0m S.L.E. warm orbit (280 ppm CO2) | tfccb |
| 55m S.L.E. cold orbit (280 ppm CO2) | tfcca |
| 55m S.L.E. warm orbit (280 ppm CO2) | tfcce |
Exposing ice-free land on Antarctica causes changes in the hydrological cycle that inhibit deep ocean ventilation, helping to explain the rapid large fluctuations in deep ocean temperature reconstructed during the Middle Miocene.
| Name | Bradshaw et al 2021 |
|---|---|
| Brief Description | Exposing ice-free land on Antarctica causes changes in the hydrological cycle that inhibit deep ocean ventilation, helping to explain the rapid large fluctuations in deep ocean temperature reconstructed during the Middle Miocene. |
| Full Author List | Catherine D. Bradshaw, Petra M. Langebroek, Caroline H. Lear, Daniel J. Lunt, Helen K. Coxall, Sindia M. Sosdian, Agatha M. de Boer |
| Title | Hydrological impact of Middle Miocene Antarctic ice-free areas coupled to deep ocean temperatures |
| Year | 2021 |
| Journal | Nature Geoscience |
| Volume | TBC |
| Issue | |
| Pages | TBC |
| DOI | TBC |
| Contact's Name | Catherine Bradshaw |
| Contact's email | Catherine.Bradshaw@metoffice.gov.uk |
| Abstract | Oxygen isotopes from ocean sediments (d18O) used to reconstruct past continental ice volumes additionally record deep water temperatures (DWTs). Traditionally, these are assumed to be coupled (ice-volume changes cause DWT changes). However, d18O records during peak Middle Miocene warmth (~16-15Ma) document large rapid fluctuations (~1-1.5) difficult to explain as huge Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) volume changes. Here, using climate modelling and data comparisons, we show DWTs are coupled to AIS spatial extent, not volume, because Antarctic albedo changes modify the hydrological cycle, affecting Antarctic deep water production regions. We suggest the Middle Miocene AIS had retreated significantly from previous Oligocene maxima. The residual ice sheet varied spatially more rapidly on orbital timescales than previously thought, enabling large DWT swings (up to 4oC). When Middle Miocene warmth terminated (~13Ma) and a continent-scale AIS had stabilized, further ice-volume changes were predominantly in height rather than extent, with little impact on DWT. Our findings imply a shift in ocean sensitivity to ice-sheet changes occurs when AIS retreat exposes previously ice-covered land; associated feedbacks could reduce the Earth systems ability to maintain a large AIS. This demonstrates ice-sheet changes should be characterized not only by ice volume but also by spatial extent |